civil Liberties

Johannes Masing : Fundamental Rights and Privatisations – a German Approach

It can observe that Europe has been pressing Greece authorities to privatise large parts of Greek infrastructures. In Germany and France, such infrastructures have been privatised for a long time: railways, energy, telecommunications, motorways,… The (...)
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Véronique Champeil-Desplats : “The general theory of State is also a theory of fundamental rights and liberties”

The conception of the relationships between rights and liberties and the State vary in time and space. Since the turning point which is the XVIIIth century, three models can be established: 1) a mechanistic model; 2) a normative statute-centred model; and (...)
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Laurent Bonnard : The constitutional thought of Charles Eisenmann

Charles Eisenmann is traditionally perceived as an ardent positivist and disciple of Hans Kelsen, the ideas of whom he introduced into France – most notably in the area of constitutional justice. He is also celebrated for his works on French administrative (...)
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Elina Lemaire : A look behind the curtain of the French Constitutional Council.

It is commonly asserted that the French Constitutional Council has a specific role within the institutional equilibrium of the Vth Republic as the guardian of rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. This claim also constitutes a key element of (...)
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Dominique Rousseau : The meaning of “Conseil constitutionnel”: the case of liberties

The title of “guardian of rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution” is commonly given by the legal doctrine to the French constitutional council. This name seems to be reductionist, strategic and questionable. The role and the functions of the (...)
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Valérie Goesel-Le Bihan : The proportionality test and fundamental rights

Certain elements of the principle of proportionality – including the suitability test and the test of proportionality stricto sensu – have regularly been applied, leading to several famous declarations of unconstitutionality. The scope of the (...)
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François Saint-Bonnet : The French Constitutional council’s rulings on the law banning the burqa in public spaces

This article analyses the wearing of the full veil as a voluntary confinement, as a symbol of “death to the world”. Taking seriously the liberty of those who wear it, the “death to the world”, which was similarly applied to Christian contemplatives, was (...)
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Patrick Wachsmann : The Oracle of Liberties speaks only once

The implementation of the mechanism of Priority Preliminary rulings on the issue of constitutionality (QPC) is conditioned upon the challenged statutory provision not having already been found to be constitutional by the French Constitutional Council at a (...)
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Olivier Beaud : , Patrick Wachsmann : Opening speech

Ever since its famous “Freedom of Association” decision (1971), the French Constitutional Council has often been portrayed as the “guardian of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution”. However, it seems that with the advent of the Priority (...)
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Véronique Champeil-Desplats : Does the French Constitutional council have a comprehensive concept of civil liberties?

The French Constitutional Council does not have a comprehensive concept of civil liberties. At times its decisions seem not to reflect any such identifiable view, at others the Constitutional Council appears to promote several distinct ones, with varying (...)
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Johannes Masing : Grundrechte und Privatisierungen – eine deutsche Perspektive.

Führen Privatisierungen zu einem Abbau an Grundrechtsschutz? Die Grundrechte sind Ausdruck der Asymmetrie des Rechtsstaats: Der Bürger ist frei und für sein Handeln nicht politisch-moralisch rechenschaftspflichtig, der Staat muss Eingriffe in die Freiheit (...)
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Johannes Masing : Droits fondamentaux et privatisations - une perspective allemande

Nous pouvons constater que l’Europe fait pression sur la Grèce pour qu’elle privatise de larges pans des infrastructures grecques. En Allemagne et en France, les infrastructures ont été privatisées depuis longtemps : les chemins de fer, l’énergie, les (...)
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Laurent Bonnard : Das Verfassungsdenken von Charles Eisenmann

Introduction René Capitant voyait en Eisenmann un juriste « épris de rigueur et de sincérité intellectuelles, un de ces esprits qui ne peuvent aborder une étude sans remonter de proche en proche, jusqu’aux sources de la connaissance et sans en faire au préalable (...)
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Véronique Champeil-Desplats : „Die allgemeine Staatstheorie ist auch eine Theorie der Grundfreiheiten“

« La théorie générale de l’État est aussi une théorie des libertés fondamentales ». « L’État depuis 1920 s’est dilaté, pour toucher à des objets, à des secteurs qui n’étaient pas les siens au XIXème siècle. On peut essayer d’en identifier quelques uns : La défense des (...)
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Véronique Champeil-Desplats : « La théorie générale de l’État est aussi une théorie des libertés fondamentales »

Les conceptions des rapports entre les droits et libertés et l’État connaissent de profondes variations dans l’espace et dans le temps. Depuis le tournant que représente le XVIIIe siècle, il semble possible d’isoler trois modèles. Le premier peut être nommé « (...)
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Laurent Bonnard : La pensée constitutionnelle de Charles Eisenmann

Charles Eisenmann est traditionnellement perçu comme un positiviste et un fidèle disciple de Hans Kelsen ayant introduit en France les idées du maître viennois, notamment en matière de justice constitutionnelle. Le volet administratif de son œuvre a également (...)
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Dominique Rousseau : Wofür steht der Verfassungsrat ? Die Frage der Grundfreiheiten

Die Staatsrechtslehre hat dem Verfassungsrat den Titel des ,,Hüters der Freiheiten„verliehen. Seine Rechtsprechung wird demzufolge in diesem Sinn evaluiert. Der Titel ,,Hüter der Freiheiten“ erscheint aber reduzierend, strategisch und diskutabel. Wenn man die (...)
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Valérie Goesel-Le Bihan : Die Verhältnissmässigkeitskontrolle im Bereich der Grundfreiheiten

Bestimmte Elemente der Verhältnissmässigkeitskontrolle – Angemessenheits- und Verhältnissmässigkeitskontrolle im engeren Sinne – werden vom französischen Verfassungsrat regelmäßig angewandt. Ihre Durchführung hat zu einigen beachteten (...)
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François Saint-Bonnet : Das Urteil des Verfassungsrates über das Gesetz zum Verbot des Tragens einer Burka

Dieser Artikel analysiert das Tragen der sog. Burka (Ganzkörperschleier) als eine freiwillige Abgeschlossenheit, als eine gewollte Inhaftierung, als eine Art von ,,Tod von der Welt„“. Auch wenn man die Freiheit der Burka-Trägerinnen ernst nimmt, kann dieser (...)
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Patrick Wachsmann : Das Orakel der Grundfreiheiten spricht nur einmal

Die Richtervorlage kann nicht Gesetzesbestimmungen betreffen, die der Verfassungsrat in seinen früheren Entscheidungen schon verfassungsmäßig erklärt hat. Der Verfassungsrat präzisiert, dass er die Verfassungsmässigkeit dieser Bestimmungen besonders betrachtet (...)
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